• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    There is provided an air spring (1) capable of protecting a rubber member from sparks and fire by covering the rubber member with a refractory cover (5) while simultaneously suppressing the generation of negative pressure inside the refractory cover (5) ) is prevented. A cylindrical diaphragm (4) is disposed between an upper member (2) and a lower member. A cylindrical refractory cover (5) is fixed to the upper member (2) and the lower member. The cylindrical refractory cover (5) covers the entire membrane (4) to the outside to protect in this way the membrane (4) from sparks and fire. The inside and the outside of the refractory cover (5) communicate with each other via a connecting channel (6). When an air spring (1) is displaced, air flows in and out through the communication passage (6). The formation of a negative pressure inside the refractory cover (5) is prevented.
    公开号:AT517289A2
    申请号:T136/2016
    申请日:2016-03-14
    公开日:2016-12-15
    发明作者:Eijiro Honda；Kenji Fujimoto
    申请人:Toyo Tire & Rubber Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to an air spring provided, for example, for a railway vehicle, an automobile and various industrial machines, which has a structure in which a cylindrical diaphragm is interposed between an upper member and a lower member.
    In general, an air spring provided for a railway vehicle or the like has a structure in which a diaphragm formed of a reinforced cylindrical rubber layer is interposed between an upper member and a lower member, and a rubber component such as the diaphragm exposed to the outside.
    In order to improve the properties of the fire resistance of the pneumatic spring which, as described above, contains the rubber component exposed to the outside, it is conceivable to improve the fire resistance properties of the rubber itself constituting the rubber component. In this case, however, other properties such as the vibration resistance-related properties and the durability of the rubber component in exchange for the improvement of the properties may be lowered concerning the fire resistance of the rubber.
    To deal with this, the Japanese reveals
    Publication No. 11-94002 (Sections 0014 and 0020 and Fig. 1) as shown in Figure 9, an air spring with a refractory cover in which a cylindrical, flameproof cover (refractory cover) 102 from a cover plate 101 is arranged hanging down and the lower end edge of the refractory cover 102 is disposed below a rubber bellows (diaphragm) 103. The air spring with the refractory cover disclosed in Laid-Open Publication No. 11-94002 (paragraphs 0014 and 0020 and FIG. 1) can protect the rubber bellows 103 from sparks, fire and the like without any influence on the properties of the air spring as such.
    In the air spring of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-94002 (Sections 0014 and 0020 and FIG. 1), although the lower end edge of the flameproof cover 102 is located below the rubber bellows 103, there is a gap 104 below the lower end edge of the refractory cover 102 and Fire may enter the area around a rubber component such as the rubber bellows 103 through the gap 104 (see Fig. 9).
    In order to prevent such entrance of fire through the gap 104, it is conceivable to fix the upper and lower ends of the flameproof cover 102 to the air spring and to cover the entire rubber component such as the rubber bellows 103 by the flameproof cover 102.
    However, for example, when the air spring is displaced during operation of a rail vehicle, the volume of the space between the flameproof cover 102 and the rubber bellows 103 changes along with the displacement of the air spring. In this case, when the flameproof cover 102 gaplessly covers a portion of the air spring to prevent air from flowing in or out, the atmospheric pressure inside the flameproof cover 102 changes, and the flameproof cover 102 can be crushed by a depression in its interior and get damaged.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an air spring which is capable of protecting a rubber component from sparks and fire by covering the rubber component by a refractory cover while preventing the generation of a negative pressure inside the refractory cover ,
    In order to achieve the above object, an air spring according to the present invention comprises: an upper member; a lower element; and a cylindrical diaphragm disposed between the upper member and the lower member. A cylindrical refractory cover which covers the membrane outwardly is fixed to the upper member and the lower member. A communication passage connecting an inside and an outside of the refractory cover is provided.
    According to the above-mentioned embodiment, the refractory cover is fixed to the upper member and the lower member. Consequently, the entire membrane can be covered from the outside so as to be protected from sparks and fire. In addition, the communication passage connecting the inside and the outside of the refractory cover is provided.
    Consequently, when the air spring is displaced, air can flow in and out through the communication passage, and the generation of a negative pressure inside the refractory cover can be prevented.
    In addition, simply a small hole having such a size that the occurrence of fire can be prevented, may be formed as the connection channel in the refractory cover. Alternatively, a flow channel length of the connection channel may be made larger than a thickness of the refractory cover.
    According to this embodiment, the flow channel length of the connection channel is chosen to be larger. Consequently, although the inner diameter of the connecting channel is set relatively large, fire at the entrance to the refractory cover by the
    Connection channel are prevented. In addition, because the flow channel length of the communication passage is large, if necessary, a bending portion may be formed in the communication passage. Consequently, if the inner diameter of the connection channel is set to be relatively large, the entry of fire can be more reliably prevented. Accordingly, while the membrane is protected from sparks and fire, the inflow and outflow of air into the refractory cover is facilitated, and the generation of a negative pressure can be prevented.
    In addition, a specific member such as a cylindrical metal fitting having such a small diameter as to block the entrance of fire may be disposed as a connection channel on the refractory cover. Alternatively, the connection channel may be formed in the lower element.
    According to this embodiment, the connection channel is formed in the lower element. Consequently, can be dispensed with a separate component as a connection channel. In addition, the lower member is an element which is placed on a support base of the air spring and receives a load applied to the air spring to transmit this load to the support base and the connection channel is formed in the lower member, which is designed accordingly. As a result, displacement of the communication passage when the air spring is displaced can be reduced, and the communication passage and its vicinity can be prevented from being damaged due to the inertia forces accompanying the displacement of the communication passage.
    Moreover, a portion of the lower member to which the refractory cover is fixed may be the upper surface or the lower surface of the lower member.
    Alternatively, the refractory cover may be fixed to a side surface of the lower member.
    According to this embodiment, the refractory cover is fixed to the side surface of the lower member. Accordingly, the portion for fixing the refractory cover to the lower member may be set outward as much as possible. Accordingly, the space inside the refractory cover in the region of the lower element and the space for arranging the connection channel can be increased.
    In addition, a specific embodiment of the air spring can be adjusted if necessary. According to an exemplary embodiment of the air spring, the lower member is a conical plug comprising: an outer cylinder to which a lower end of the diaphragm is fixed; a stopper portion disposed on the outer cylinder and restricting displacement of the upper member; a middle member receiving a load transmitted from the outer cylinder; and a cylindrical elastic layer having a truncated cone shape and interposed between the outer cylinder and the middle member, the cylindrical elastic layer being covered by the refractory cover.
    According to this embodiment, not only the membrane but also the cylindrical elastic layer may be covered by the refractory cover. It should be noted that the air spring may be an embodiment in which a plug including a laminated rubber member formed by horizontally laminating rubber layers and intermediate plates is used as the lower member instead of the conical plug, and further, the air spring an embodiment in which the conical plug is omitted and a plate-like element is used as the lower element.
    Moreover, in the case where the embodiment is adopted in which the conical plug is used as the lower member, the connecting channel may be formed in a platen which supports the central member of the conical plug.
    According to this embodiment, the connection channel is formed in the platen, which has a relatively simple shape. Accordingly, the connection channel can be made relatively simple. In addition, the communication passage may be formed without interfering with an inner cylindrical elastic layer, and obstruction of operation of the conical plug due to the presence of the communication passage may be avoided.
    Moreover, in the case of adapting the embodiment in which the conical plug is used as the lower member, the connecting channel may be formed as a core pin projecting downwardly from the platen supporting the center member of the conical plug.
    According to this embodiment, the connection channel is formed in the core pin which projects downwardly from the platen. Consequently, the flow channel length of the connection channel can be made sufficiently large, and the occurrence of fire can be reliably prevented.
    In addition, the core pin is an element that engages the support base when the air spring is placed on the support base and the connection channel is formed in the correspondingly shaped core pin. Thus, the connection channel can be opened if necessary below the support base.
    As described above, according to the present invention, the entire diaphragm is covered by fixing the cylindrical refractory cover to the upper member and the lower member, and providing the connecting passage connecting the inside and the outside of the refractory cover. Thus, while the diaphragm is protected from sparks and fire by the refractory cover, air can flow in and out of the refractory cover when the air spring is displaced and the refractory cover can be prevented from being damaged by a depression occurring in its interior become.
    Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an air spring according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
    Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of Fig. 1 and illustrates a connection channel;
    Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of Fig. 2 with small holes;
    Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an air spring according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
    Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part of Fig. 4 and illustrates a connection channel;
    Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along A-A of Fig. 5;
    Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an air spring according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
    Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an air spring according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional air spring with a refractory cover.
    Hereinafter, first to fourth embodiments of an air spring according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    Figs. 1 to 3 show an air spring 1, for example for a railway vehicle, comprising: a cover plate 2 as an upper member fixed, for example, to a vehicle body side; a conical plug 3 as a lower member fixed to, for example, a carriage side; and a cylindrical diaphragm 4 interposed between the cover plate 2 and the conical plug 3. A cylindrical, refractory cover 5, which covers the membrane 4 to the outside, is fixed to the cover plate 2 and the conical plug 3. A communication passage 6 connecting the inside and the outside of the refractory cover 5 is provided.
    The cover plate 2 is made for example of steel and has a disc shape whose edge region has a greater thickness. The upper end of the diaphragm 4 is enclosed between the cover plate 2 and a fixing ring 7 so as to be fixed to the edge portion of the cover plate 2 in this way. In the middle of the cover plate 2, a round hole is formed. A cylindrical boss portion 8 is disposed on the round hole. The boss portion 8 intervenes, for example, in the vehicle body side and serves as an air inlet for supplying air into the interior of the diaphragm 4.
    The conical plug 3 comprises: an external cylinder 9 to which the lower end of the diaphragm 4 is fixed; a stop member 10 as a stopper portion, which is fixed to the external cylinder 9 and restricts displacement of the cover plate 2; a middle member 11 receiving a load transmitted from the external cylinder 9; a platen 12 which supports the middle member 11; and a plurality of cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B, and 13C and a plurality of intermediate cylinders 14A, 14B each having a truncated cone shape and arranged alternately in the radial direction to be sandwiched between the external cylinder 9 and the center member 11 ,
    The external cylinder 9 is made, for example, as a steel cylinder having an inner peripheral surface which is a circular frustoconical conical surface with a downwardly increasing diameter. A lower end portion of the diaphragm 4 abuts an upper end portion of the external cylinder 9, whereby the lower end of the diaphragm 4 is fixed to the external cylinder 9. An annular projecting receiving portion 15 is formed on the outer periphery in the vicinity of the upper end of the external cylinder 9 and receives the lower end portion of the diaphragm 4, which abuts against the upper end portion of the external cylinder 9 on.
    The stop member 10 has a disc shape whose outer edge portion is bent obliquely downward. An edge portion of the stopper member 10 is fixed by bolts to the upper end surface of the external cylinder 9. An abutment surface 16, which is provided centrally on the upper surface of the stop element 10, projects upward from the external cylinder 9. When the cover plate 2 moves down, the stopper surface 16 strikes against the lower surface of the cover plate 2, whereby the stopper member 10 restricts further displacement of the cover plate 2.
    The middle member 11 is made of steel, for example, and has a truncated cone shape with an outer peripheral surface of the same inclination angle as the inner peripheral surface of the external cylinder 9. The length of the generatrix of the middle member 11 is set larger than the length of the generatrix of the inner peripheral surface of the external cylinder 9. An outer one
    Edge portion of the lower end surface of the middle member 11 is offset, so that a middle portion protrudes in comparison. Further, inside the middle member 11, a cavity 17 having a downwardly open end surface is formed to achieve a weight reduction of the middle member 11.
    The support plate 12 is made of steel, for example, and has a disc shape having a diameter larger than that of the lower end surface of the middle member 11. The projecting central portion of the lower end surface of the middle member 11 is a circular recess formed on the upper surface the outer surface of the lower end surface of the middle member 11 is fixed with bolts around the recess. As a result, the middle member 11 is fixed to the upper surface of the platen 12, and the platen 12 supports the middle member 11.
    The columnar core pin 18 is fixed to the lower surface of the platen 12. The core pin 18 protrudes down over the platen 12, for example, to engage the side of a carriage. An outer edge portion of the upper end surface of the core pin 18 is dropped, so that a middle portion protrudes therefrom. The protruding portion of the middle portion is fitted in a fitting hole formed in the center of the platen 12, whereby the core pin 18 is fixed to the platen 12. In addition, inside the core pin 18, a cavity 19 is formed with an open end surface to achieve a weight reduction of the core pin 18.
    Each of the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C is made of cylindrical rubber having vibration resistant properties and has a truncated cone shape. The inclination angles of the outer and inner peripheral surfaces of each of the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C are the same as the angles of the inner circumferential surface of the external cylinder 9 and the outer peripheral surface of the middle member 11. The outer cylindrical elastic layer 13A and inner cylindrical elastic layer 13C are connected to the external cylinder 9 and the middle member 11 by vulcanization, respectively.
    Each of the intermediate cylinders 14A and 14B is made, for example, as a steel cylinder having a truncated cone shape. The inclination angles of the intermediate cylinders 14A and 14B are equal to the angles of the inner peripheral surface of the external cylinder 9 and the outer peripheral surface of the middle member 11. The intermediate cylinders 14A and 14B are interposed between the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C, respectively, and simultaneously connected by vulcanization with these.
    The length of the generatrix of each of the intermediate cylinders 14A and 14B is smaller than that of the central member 11, and they extend as far upward as the central member 11. Thus, the lower ends of the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C and the intermediate cylinder 14A and 14B are disposed sufficiently higher than the lower end of the middle member 11, and above the platen 12, a sufficient space is formed.
    The membrane 4 has a reinforced structure by embedding a reinforcing strand or the like in a cylindrical rubber layer. The upper and lower ends of the diaphragm 4 are respectively fixed to the cover plate 2 and the external cylinder 9 of the conical plug 3, and the inside of the diaphragm 4 is sealed. Air is trapped inside the diaphragm 4, and the lower end of the diaphragm 4 is pushed up so that a middle portion thereof is bowed outwardly. The membrane 4, by means of the air pressure therein, elastically supports a load which is applied, for example, from a vehicle body side to the cover plate 2.
    The refractory cover 5 is made of, for example, a conventional refractory rubber plate formed into a cylindrical shape. The upper end of the refractory cover 5 is fixed to the side surface of the fixing ring 7 of the cover plate 2 by a steel strip 20, and the lower end thereof is fixed to the side surface of the support plate 12 of the conical plug 3 by means of a steel strip 21. In order that the refractory cover 5 has a proper shape, which is arched outwardly through the diaphragm 4 in which the middle part is defined by the conical plug 3 with the bottom end pushed up, an upper part of the refractory cover 5 has a uniform shape Diameter, and a lower part of the same has a tapered, cylindrical shape. The refractory cover 5 covers the diaphragm 4 and the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C of the conical plug 3, so that the rubber portion is not exposed to the outside.
    An accordion-shaped portion 22 facilitating expansion and contraction in the radial direction is formed continuously in the circumferential direction in the tapered portion of the lower part of the refractory cover 5, whereby the diameter of the lower end of the refractory cover 5 can be adjusted. Consequently, the refractory cover 5 can be easily attached to the side surfaces of the platen 12, and can easily displacements of
    Follow air spring 1. A plurality of small holes 23 are formed in valley portions of the accordion-shaped portion 22 to connect the inside and the outside of the refractory cover 5 with each other.
    The connection channel 6 comprises: a vertical hole 24 formed in an outer edge portion of the platen 12 and a cutout 25 formed on the lower surface of the outer edge portion of the platen 12, around the side surface of the platen 12 from the lower end of the platen 12; vertical hole 24 to reach. A plurality of the connection channels 6 are suitably formed in the outer periphery of the platen 12 to connect the inside and the outside of the refractory cover 5 with each other.
    According to the above-mentioned embodiment, since the refractory cover 5 covers the diaphragm 4 and the cylindrical elastic layers 13A, 13B and 13C of the conical plug 3, the fire resistance properties of the air spring 1 can be improved so as to prevent the rubber portion exposed to the outside. In addition, since the inside and the outside of the refractory connection plate 5 communicate with each other by forming the connection channel 6 and small holes 23, air can flow in and out through the connection channel 6 and the small holes 23. Thereby, the atmospheric pressure inside the refractory cover 5 can be prevented from being changed together with displacements of the air spring 1, and the refractory cover 5 can be prevented from being damaged by a negative pressure generated in its interior.
    Furthermore, since the connecting channel 6 includes the vertical hole 24 and the cutout 25, the flow channel length of the
    Connecting channel 6 may be greater than the thickness of the refractory cover 5, and the connecting channel 6 may be bent at the boundary between the vertical hole 24 and the cutout 25. Consequently, while the inflow and outflow of air is facilitated by the fact that the
    Flow channel cross-sectional area of the connecting channel 6 is greater than that of the small holes 23, fire are prevented from entering the refractory cover 5 from the outside, so that the properties relating to the fire resistance of the air spring 1 can be improved.
    As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, an air spring 26 according to the second embodiment has substantially the same construction as the air spring 1 of the first embodiment, except that the air spring 26 has a connection channel 27 formed by the use of the cavity 19 of FIG Kernzapfens 18, which projects down over the support plate 12 is formed, instead of the connecting channel 6, which includes the vertical hole 24 and the cutout 25 in the support plate 12.
    The communication passage 27 includes: an annular passage 28 formed on a surface of the platen 12; the cavity 19 of the core pin 18; and an air inlet / outlet 29, which is formed at the lower end of the core pin 18. The annular passage 28 is formed by making the diameter of a circular recess on the upper surface of the platen 12 larger than that of the projecting central portion of the lower end surface of the middle member 11, and an annular opening 31 by opening the upper surface of the annular passage 28 is formed in an outer portion of an outer peripheral edge 30 of the inner cylindrical elastic layer 13c. The core pin 18 is arranged eccentrically, wherein the annular passage 28 is connected via an opening 32 with the upper end of the cavity 19 of the core pin 18.
    Air is discharged from the interior of the refractory cover 5 through the annular opening 31 of the annular passage 28. The air flows through the annular passage 28 to flow from the opening 32 into the cavity 19. The air is discharged to the outside of the refractory cover 5 through the lower end formed air inlet / outlet 29. In addition, air is supplied to the interior of the refractory cover 5 via the opposite flow path, and the generation of a negative pressure inside the refractory cover 5 is thereby prevented. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
    As shown in FIG. 7, an air spring 33 according to the third embodiment has substantially the same structure as that of the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, except that the air spring 33 has a connection channel 34 comprising: a horizontal hole 35 formed in the one formed central element 11; and a vertical hole 36, which, starting from the horizontal hole 35, reaches the lower end of the core pin 18, instead of the connecting channel 6, which is formed in the platen 12. Since the horizontal hole 35 is formed in the middle member 11, the lower end of the refractory cover 5 can be fixed to a large area on the upper surface of the platen 12. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
    As shown in FIG. 8, an air spring 37 according to the fourth embodiment has substantially the same structure as an air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, except that the air spring 37 has a connection channel 38 made of a separate cylindrical metal terminal and in FIG is arranged near the lower end of the refractory cover 5, instead of the connecting channel 6, which is formed in the support plate 12. The connecting channel 38 is long enough to prevent the entry of fire, and it is bent in a 1-shape.
    Since the connecting passage 38 is made of a special cylindrical metal fitting, the same structure as that of a conventional air spring can be adopted for the portions other than the refractory cover, and the lower end of the refractory cover 5 can be attached to a large area on the upper surface of the platen 12 are attached, similar to the third embodiment. Moreover, because the communication passage 38 is disposed near the lower end of the refractory cover 5, displacement of the communication passage 38 together with displacement of the air spring 37 can be reduced and damage to the refractory cover 5 due to inertia forces associated with the displacement of the connecting channel 38 occur can be prevented. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
    It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and may be modified as appropriate and within the scope of the present invention. For example, the air spring may be applied to an automobile, various industrial machines, and the like, and is not limited to a rail vehicle. In addition, a laminated rubber element, made by horizontal
    Laminating of rubber layers and intermediate plates may be provided instead of the conical plug. The conical plug and the like may be omitted, and the membrane may be directly attached to a bottom plate. Moreover, the connection channel may not be formed and small holes may be easily formed in the refractory cover.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    Claims:
    1. An air spring comprises: an upper element; a lower element; and a cylindrical diaphragm disposed between the upper member and the lower member, a cylindrical refractory cover covering the diaphragm outwardly being fixed to the upper member and the lower member, and the air spring having a connecting passage having an inner side and a lower end connects an outside of the refractory cover together.
    [2]
    2. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein a flow channel length of the connection channel is made larger than a thickness of the refractory cover.
    [3]
    3. The air spring according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connection channel is formed in the lower member.
    [4]
    4. The air spring according to claims 1, 2, or 3, wherein the refractory cover is fixed to a side surface of the lower member.
    [5]
    The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lower member is a conical plug having an outer cylinder to which a lower end of the diaphragm is fixed, a stopper portion provided on the outer cylinder and a displacement of the Limits upper element; a middle member accommodating a load transmitted from the outer cylinder and comprising a cylindrical elastic layer having a truncated cone shape and disposed between the outer cylinder and the middle member, and wherein the cylindrical elastic layer is covered by the refractory cover is.
    [6]
    6. The air spring according to claim 5, wherein the connection channel is formed in a support plate which supports the central element of the conical plug.
    [7]
    7. The air spring according to claim 5, wherein the connection channel is formed in a core pin which projects downwardly from a platen which supports the central element of the conical plug.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT517289A3|2019-08-15|
    CN105987118A|2016-10-05|
    JP6526991B2|2019-06-05|
    DE102016104494A1|2016-09-22|
    JP2016173122A|2016-09-29|
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    ES2507466B1|2014-07-24|2015-06-11|Metalocaucho, S.L.|Fire retardant spring for primary rail bogie suspensions|JP2018100740A|2016-12-21|2018-06-28|東洋ゴム工業株式会社|Pneumatic spring|
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    法律状态:
    2019-12-15| REJ| Rejection|Effective date: 20191215 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2015052845A|JP6526991B2|2015-03-17|2015-03-17|Air spring|
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